Joko Widodo

Joko Widodo is the current President of Indonesia. He is popularly known in Indonesia as Jokowi. He was the mayor of Surakarta before becoming the governor of Jakarta.

Joko Widodo was born on June 21, 1961 is derived from the Indonesian politician who is now (October 2014) served as the President of Indonesia. Jokowi served as mayor of Surakarta (Solo) during the two periods 2005-2009 and 2010-2015, and was nominated to be guberjur Joko Widodo Jakarta in 2012. His success and achievements in leading Surakarta make Jokowi has credibility and quality to lead Jakarta. Jokowi and his deputy Basuki Purnama Cahya (Ahok) outperformed Fauzi Bowo in Jakarta governor election and make it as governor in the period 2012-2017. Not long after that Joko Widodo (Jokowi) nominated by a political party to become the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2019.

Jokowi  was born in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from couples and Sujiatmi Notomiharjo Mihardjo Noto. Jokowi Education starts from 111 Tirtoyoso Elementary School. With a simple family conditions, Jokowi must trade, rent an umbrella when it rains and a coolie to finance school supplies. After graduation, Jokowi continued his education to SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta and then proceed to the SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta. Joko Widodo also go on to college is the University of Gajah Mada (UGM) with a major in forestry science. Studies on the structure of the wood, and the use of technology gained from college into Jokowi capital to open a business furniture. Business Furniture is growing rapidly, and make it as a furniture entrepreneur widely known in Europe. From his friendship with the French named Micl Romaknan nickname “Jokowi” embedded in him.


In 2005, Joko Widodo ran for mayor of Surakarta. After years of work, success leads Jokowi Surakarta into a developed city, beautiful, and cultured. The things accomplished since served as mayor of Surakarta is:

• Build a new traditional markets.
• Build a 7-km city walk with a 3m wide pedestrian walkway along the main street of Surakarta.
• Revitalization and garden Balekambang Sriwedari.
• Strict regulations on felling trees along the main streets of the city.
• Rebranding Surakarta as the center of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline “The Spirit of Java“.
• Promote the city as a center for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE).
• “Blusukan“ culture, the way in which Jokowi impromptu visits to certain areas to hear directly from the people their needs and criticisms.
• Prohibits family members from bidding for city projects.
• Health insurance program for all residents.
• Public transport in the form of double-decker bus.
• Solo Techno Park, which helped support the project Esemka Indonesia.

To solve all existing problems in Jakarta, Jakarta Governor Jokowi as do some new breakthrough that can be said to benefit and make the people prosperous. Some policies issued by Jokowi. For the problem of traffic jam, Jokowi create policies to accelerate the development of mass transportation facilities such as MRT and monorail and multiply TransJakarta fleet. For the problem of flood, Jokowi also moved quickly to relocate the flood catchment areas and renew and increase parks and urban forests. Jokowi also issued Jakarta Health Card (KJS) and Jakarta Smart Card (KJP). As in Surakarta, Jokowi also intends to make Jakarta as a city of festivals. A total of 97 festivals held during the year 2013 in Jakarta, including Jakarta Night Festival, the Feast of the people, Pekan Raya Jakarta (PRJ) and others.

                                                                                            Source: obiography.com

Ferit Orhan Pamuk

Ferit Orhan Pamuk is a famous novelist from Turkey. He was born in Istanbul in 1952 and grew up in a large family.He completed his graduation from American Robert College in Istanbul and later he studied architecture at Istanbul Technical University for three years. He was 23 when he decided to become a novelist.

He wrote many novels and his work has been translated into 46 languages including Japanese and French. In 2006, TIME magazine chose him as one of the 100 most influential persons of the world and in the same year he was awarded with Nobel Prize in Literature.



His first novel Cevdet Bey and His Sons was published in 1982. The novel is the story of three generations of a wealthy Istanbul family living in Nisantasi, Pamuk's own home district. The novel won both the Milliyet literary and Orhan Kemal prizes. The following year Pamuk published his another novel The Silent House, the French translation of thais novel won the 1991 Prix de la découverte européene award. The White Castle (1985) about the frictions and friendship between a Venetian slave and an Ottoman scholar was published in English and many other languages from 1990 onwards, bringing Pamuk his first international fame. His novel The Black Book novel was published in 1990, and the French translation of this won the Prix France Culture.

In 2008 Pamuk published The Museum of Innocence, a novel about a man’s lifelong infatuation with a young woman and his attempt to build a museum housing the objects associated with his love. Pamuk opened the museum itself in 2012 in the Çukurcuma neighborhood of Istanbul. The catalogue of the museum, The Innocence of Objects, was published the same year. Pamuk’s second collection of essays was published in Turkey in 2010 under the title of Fragments of the Landscape, while his Charles Norton Eliot lectures on the art of the novel, entitled The Naive and The Sentimental Novelist, were published in 2011.



Apart from three years in United States, Orhan Pamuk has spent all his life in the same streets and district of Istanbul, and he now lives in the building where he was raised. Pamuk has been writing novels for 30 years and never done any other job except writing.

King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud

Born as Abdullah bin Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman, He was one of 37 sons of King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al-Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. He was said to be one of the richest people in the world. King Abdullah became the sixth King of Saudi Arabia when his half-brother, King Fahd, died in August 1, 2005.


Before assuming the throne, King Abdullah held many positions in the government. One of which was being the Mayor of Mecca. He then became the commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard. Add to that, he too served as the deputy defence minister and then became crown prince when Fahd became king in 1982. In a 2001 report, the king had four wives, seven sons and 15 daughters. On June 18, 2012, his third heir-apparent, Salman, was named Crown Prince. Because of King Abdullah family coming from political background, he was considered to be one of the most influential Muslim among 500 Muslims for the past four years.


Forbes even ranked him seventh on their 2012 list and 11th on their 2014 list of the “Wold’s Most Powerful People” thus making him the only Arab in the top fifteen. King Abdullah built two libraries in the Muslim world; there’s one in Riyadh (King Abdulaziz Library) and one in Casablanca, Morocco. Being a devout Muslim, he used to have meetings with the leaders of Saudi Arabia’s religious establishment on a weekly basis. He did this to get advice and guidance from them.
He died on 22nd of January 2015 at the age of 90.
                                                                                                                                       Source: Bornrich.com


Below is some personal information about King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud as published by CNN.

Birth date: August 1, 1924

Death date: January 22, 2015

Birth place: Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Father: King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman al Saud

Mother: Fahda bint Al-Asi Al-Shuraim

Marriages: Wives' names not available publicly, but according to Islamic tradition he is allowed no more than four at a time.

Children: Exact number is not available publicly; sons include: Khalid (eldest son died June 2011 at age 54); Mitab; Abdulaziz; Mishal; Faisal; Badr

Education: early education at the Royal Court

Religion: Wahhabism (a conservative Islamic sect)

Military: Commander of the Saudi Arabia's National Guard, 1962-2010

Other Facts:
He was one of 37 sons.

He was  prime minister and head of state of KSA.

Helped create the Allegiance Authority, a committee of princes who vote on the eligibility of future monarchs and crown princes.

Under his leadership, Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization.

Breeds pure Arabian horses and founded the equestrian club in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Malcolm X

Malcolm X was a prominent black nationalist leader. He joined Nation of Islam in 1949 and changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. He was also the founder of Muslim Mosque Inc. Born on May 19, 1925, in Nebraska, he was a famous black nationalist figure who served as the most popular spokesman for the Nation of Islam for the two decades of 1950s and '60s. It was only because of his efforts, the Nation of Islam grew from just 400 members at the time he was released from prison in 1952 to a huge 40,000 members by 1960.

Malcolm X spent his whole childhood life in different foster homes. His father was assassinated when he was just six years old. Three of Malcolm's four uncles were also murdered by white people. Later at the age of 13 his mother was hospitalised because of her mental illness. She remained in mental hospital for about 26 years. All her children were divided among several families, Malcolm spent his his childhood life in various state institutions and boarding houses.

At the age of 21, in 1946, he was sent to prison on a burglary conviction. During his time in jail, he encountered the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam, whose members are popularly known as Black Muslims. Elijah's teachings had a strong effect on him. He therefore joined Elijah's Organization.


Since joining the Nation of Islam, he had strictly adhered to the teachings of Nation of Islam chief Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm refused Elijah's request to help cover up the affairs and subsequent children. He was deeply hurt by his thinkings, because he had previously considered him as his only guide. Malcolm also felt bad about those people he had led to join the Nation of Islam, which he now felt was a fraudulent organization built on too many lies to ignore. He ended up by terminating his relationship with the Nation of Islam and further decided to establish his own religious organization, the Muslim Mosque, Inc.

In 1964, he went to Mecca as a pilgrim , his visit to Mecca proved to be life changing moment for him where he was impressed by the lack of racial discord among Muslims. For the first time, Malcolm shared his thoughts and beliefs with different cultures and found the response to be overwhelmingly positive. He returned to America as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. On his return to United States, he said "I had met blued-eyed, blonde-haired men whom I could call my brothers".

Malcom was attacked many times along with his family but luckily escaped. In February 1965, the members of Nation of Islam were successful in their ruthless attempt. They shot him several times resulting his death. He was assassinated at the age of 39.

Malala Yousafzai

Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani education and youth activist. Native to Swat Valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Northwest Pakistan, she is known mainly for human rights advocacy for women and for education. She survived a gunshot attack by Taliban militants in October 2012. Attempt  to assassinate her received condemnation across the globe and protests throughout Pakistan. More than 2 million people signed the Right to Education campaign. The petition further helped the ratification of Pakistan’s first right to education bill. In 2014, Malala became the youngest person ever to win Nobel Peace Price. She achieved this feat at the age of 17.

Malala Yousafzai was born in 1997 in Swat valley of Pakistan. She received her basic education in a local school owned by her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, who is a poet and also an education activist. She had been banned from school after Taliban had set an edict that no girls could attend school after 15 January 2009. More than hundred girls' schools in the area were destroyed by pro Taliban activists.  She remained an anonymous BBC blogger for four months or more, writing about her life under the threat of the Taliban taking over her native place. After the BBC blog ended, she was featured in a documentary made Adam B.Ellick, a New York Times reporter . After her appearance in documentary, Malala received greater international coverage and later her identity about writing the BBC blog was revealed.


As reported by New York Times, Malala was attending her chemistry class at the Edgbaston High School for Girls near Birmingham, England when she was informed about her winning of Nobel Prize. She was called out of her class to hear the news. She was declared a Nobel prize winner along with Indian Kailash Satyarthi, a notable children's rights advocate and an activist against child labour.

In 2011, Malala Yousafzai was awarded with Pakistan’s National Youth Peace Prize, but later the prize been since renamed in her honour;  now the same prize is called as National Malala Peace Prize. In 2012, Malala was short-listed for TIME magazine's Person of the Year , and a year after in 2013, she was featured as one of the TIME 100. She has also been awarded with Simone de Beauvoir Prize for international human rights work  and Mother Teresa Memorial Award for Social Justice.

Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī

Abu Jafar Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī was a noted mathematician, astronomer and geographer of ancient times. He was native to Persia (Iran). He introduced many new concepts in mathematics and is generally regarded as father of Algebra.

Al-Khwarizmi's discussion was confined to the equations of the first and second degrees. His work mainly focused on time, astronomy, calculating exact positions of the Sun, Moon and the other planets. He also worked on calculating the tables of sines, cosec and tangents,  astrological tables, reason behind eclipse and their calculations, periodic visibility of the moon.

As written by E. F. Robertson and J. J. O'Conner in their book, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive "One of the most significant advances made by Arabic mathematics began with the mathematical  study and research of al-Khwarizmi, namely the beginning of algebra. It is important to understand just how significant this new idea was. It was a revolutionary move in real senseand much differ from the concept of mathematics adopted by Greeks. They (Greeks) mainly worked on geometry.

Al-Khwarizmi research was a unifying theory which allowed geometrical magnitudes, irrational numbers, rational numbers, etc., putting them under a single category of "algebraic objects". His work gave mathematics a new look if compared to that which had existed before, and became a tool for future development of maths." They further wrote "Another important aspect of the introduction of algebraic ideas was that it allowed mathematics to be applied to itself in a way which had not happened before."

Al-Khwarizmi supervised the work of seventy geographers and they successfully created a map of the then “known world”. When his work became popular in Europe through Latin translations, his popularity made a permanent mark on the development of science in the Western world.

Al-Khwarizmi also influenced the proper use of the term "algorithm". His name (al-Khwarizmi) was Latinized as "algorism" and later used to refer to the art of counting and calculating. Al-Khwarizmi also worked on astronomical tables and later wrote a book on the same subject. Some of his books were translated into Latin in the l2th century by Gerard and Adelard. A book on algebra, Al-Maqala fi Hisab-al Jabr wa-al-Muqabalah and a treatises on Arithmetic Kitab al-Jam'a wal-Tafreeq bil Hisab al-Hind are available only from Latin translations. It was this later translation which introduced the new science to the West "unknown till then." These books were used until the sixteenth century as the main mathematical books in European universities. The astronomical tables which he prepared were also translated into Chinese and many other European languages.